Clinical Impact of Co-pathogens in Children Infected With Influenza C Virus Based on Viral Load in Clinical Specimens matsuzaki2025clinical
Retrospective analysis of pediatric respiratory infection cases in Japan (11 cases in tables; additional figure/CSV patient IDs present) where influenza C virus and co-pathogens were detected from respiratory specimens. Viruses were isolated by cell culture, detected by multiplex real-time PCR and/or targeted PCR, complemented by next-generation sequencing, and viral load quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (Ct and genome copies). Clinical symptoms were reviewed to assess etiologic role of co-pathogens relative to influenza C viral load.
Analytes
ct_influenza_c_virus_nasopharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR Ct value for influenza C virus from nasopharyngeal (nasal) swab respiratory specimen; influenza C detected by previously described assay (not in multiplex kit).
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_adenovirus_nasopharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time PCR Ct value for adenovirus from nasopharyngeal (nasal) swab respiratory specimen using previously described primers/probes (hexon control RNA/DNA referenced).
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_rhinovirus_nasopharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR Ct value for rhinovirus from nasopharyngeal (nasal) swab respiratory specimen using previously described primers/probes.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_bocavirus_nasopharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time PCR Ct value for bocavirus from nasopharyngeal (nasal) swab respiratory specimen using previously described primers/probes (NP-1 control referenced).
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_influenza_c_virus_nasopharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR genome copy concentration (standard curve from serial dilutions; mean of triplicates) for influenza C virus from nasopharyngeal (nasal) swab respiratory specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_adenovirus_nasopharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time PCR genome copy concentration (standard curve; mean of triplicates) for adenovirus from nasopharyngeal (nasal) swab respiratory specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_rhinovirus_nasopharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR genome copy concentration (standard curve; mean of triplicates) for rhinovirus from nasopharyngeal (nasal) swab respiratory specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_bocavirus_nasopharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time PCR genome copy concentration (standard curve; mean of triplicates) for bocavirus from nasopharyngeal (nasal) swab respiratory specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_influenza_c_virus_nasal_secretion
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR Ct value for influenza C virus from nasal secretion specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_parainfluenza_virus_4_nasal_secretion
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR Ct value for parainfluenza virus 4 from nasal secretion specimen using previously described primers/probes (NP control referenced).
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_adenovirus_nasal_secretion
Quantitative real-time PCR Ct value for adenovirus from nasal secretion specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_influenza_c_virus_nasal_secretion
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR genome copy concentration (standard curve; mean of triplicates) for influenza C virus from nasal secretion specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_parainfluenza_virus_4_nasal_secretion
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR genome copy concentration (standard curve; mean of triplicates) for parainfluenza virus 4 from nasal secretion specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_adenovirus_nasal_secretion
Quantitative real-time PCR genome copy concentration (standard curve; mean of triplicates) for adenovirus from nasal secretion specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_influenza_c_virus_oropharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR Ct value for influenza C virus from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_adenovirus_oropharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time PCR Ct value for adenovirus from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_influenza_c_virus_oropharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR genome copy concentration for influenza C virus from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_adenovirus_oropharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time PCR genome copy concentration for adenovirus from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_rhinovirus_oropharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR Ct value for rhinovirus from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_bocavirus_oropharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time PCR Ct value for bocavirus from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_rhinovirus_oropharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR genome copy concentration for rhinovirus from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_bocavirus_oropharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time PCR genome copy concentration for bocavirus from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_rsv_a_nasal_secretion
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR Ct value for RSV A from nasal secretion specimen using previously described primers/probes (N gene control referenced).
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_rsv_a_nasal_secretion
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR genome copy concentration for RSV A from nasal secretion specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_metapneumovirus_nasopharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR Ct value for human metapneumovirus from nasopharyngeal (nasal) swab specimen using previously described primers/probes.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_metapneumovirus_nasopharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR genome copy concentration for human metapneumovirus from nasopharyngeal (nasal) swab specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_metapneumovirus_oropharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR Ct value for human metapneumovirus from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_metapneumovirus_oropharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR genome copy concentration for human metapneumovirus from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_cytomegalovirus_nasopharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time PCR Ct value for cytomegalovirus (CMV PPS Set) from nasopharyngeal (nasal) swab specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_cytomegalovirus_nasopharyngeal_swab
Quantitative real-time PCR genome copy concentration for cytomegalovirus (CMV PPS Set) from nasopharyngeal (nasal) swab specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_rsv_b_nasal_secretion
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR Ct value for RSV B from nasal secretion specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_rhinovirus_nasal_secretion
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR Ct value for rhinovirus from nasal secretion specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_rsv_b_nasal_secretion
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR genome copy concentration for RSV B from nasal secretion specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_rhinovirus_nasal_secretion
Quantitative real-time RT-PCR genome copy concentration for rhinovirus from nasal secretion specimen.
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_enterovirus_oropharyngeal_swab
Multiplex real-time PCR Ct value for enterovirus from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen (FTD Respiratory Pathogens 21 kit).
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_parainfluenza_virus_1_oropharyngeal_swab
Multiplex real-time PCR Ct value for parainfluenza virus 1 from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen (FTD Respiratory Pathogens 21 kit).
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_coronavirus_nl63_oropharyngeal_swab
Multiplex real-time PCR Ct value for coronavirus NL63 from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen (FTD Respiratory Pathogens 21 kit).
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_enterovirus_oropharyngeal_swab
Multiplex real-time PCR genome copy concentration for enterovirus from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen (figure/CSV-derived).
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_parainfluenza_virus_1_oropharyngeal_swab
Multiplex real-time PCR genome copy concentration for parainfluenza virus 1 from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen (figure/CSV-derived).
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_coronavirus_nl63_oropharyngeal_swab
Multiplex real-time PCR genome copy concentration for coronavirus NL63 from oropharyngeal (throat) swab specimen (figure/CSV-derived).
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
ct_coronavirus_nl63_nasal_secretion
Multiplex real-time PCR Ct value for coronavirus NL63 from nasal secretion specimen (FTD Respiratory Pathogens 21 kit).
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.
gc_ml_coronavirus_nl63_nasal_secretion
Multiplex real-time PCR genome copy concentration for coronavirus NL63 from nasal secretion specimen (figure/CSV-derived).
Measurements only — no shedding model is fitted to this analyte, usually because it is sampled once per participant, leaving no trajectory to fit, or because nothing was ever detected. Open triangles are non-detects, drawn at the assay's censoring limit. See the modelling methods for what these estimates do and do not support.