kamel2011presenceThis study conducted a survey of hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in patients and sewage in Cairo, Egypt. The study found that HAV (genotype IB) was predominant over HEV (genotype 3) and was circulating in the population and the environment. The study involved analyzing patient samples for HAV viral load and genotype, as well as measuring bilirubin levels. The reference event for the measurements was symptom onset or diagnosis.